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DERMATOLOGY IN BURBANK AND LOS ANGELES
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| In some places in the world, the practice
of dermatology has evolved into an art form. The office of Dr.
Lisa Benest, a Dermatologist in Los Angeles, is one of the finest
of such locations, designed to dedicate their expertise and artistry to your
skin.
As a Doctor and Board Certified Dermatologist, Dr. Benest and her
team are among the most respected medical professionals in Los Angeles.
This Dermatologist brings to you her understanding of the desire within
all of us to be as beautiful and healthy as we can be. She has created
a practice that blends the latest advances in skin care into the
experience and wisdom of medicine.
A clear, even, smooth skin with a youthful glow is part of
that beauty that most everyone desires. Dr. Benest has created a facility
where many different approaches to all aspects of dermatology may
be found. |
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DERMATOLOGY
SERVICES
Doctors, Nurses and Aestheticians work together to provide many different
dermatology services including:
Laser Treatments for Hair Removal
Laser Aesthetic Applications
Botox
Restylane
Permanent Makeup
Facials
These, along with other techniques, can handle such dermatological concerns
as:
Wrinkles
Dry Skin
Sun Damage
Acne
Brown Spots
Dermatology in Los Angeles has reached a new artistic height at the
Cosmetic Dermatology and Aesthetic Laser Center, located in
Burbank and easily accessible from all parts of Southern
California.
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For clear, even, smooth, healthy skin with a youthful glow,
look for the latest techniques, but combined with a medical
understanding of applications and results.
Dr. Lisa Benest, Dermatologist in Los Angeles, provides exactly that. |
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| Skin
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For alternate meanings see skin (disambiguation).
A close-up of human skin.In zootomy and dermatology, skin is an organ of
the integumentary system made up of a layer of tissues that guard underlying
muscles and organs. As the interface with the surroundings, it plays the
most important role in protecting against pathogens. Its other main functions
are insulation and temperature regulation, sensation and vitamin D and B
synthesis.
Skin has pigmentation, provided by melanocytes, which absorbs some of the
potentially dangerous radiation in sunlight. It also contains DNA repair
enzymes which reverse UV damage, and people who lack the genes for these
enzymes suffer high rates of skin cancer. One form predominantly produced
by UV light, malignant melanoma, is particularly invasive, causing it to
spread quickly, and can often be deadly. Human skin pigmentation varies among
populations in a striking manner. This has sometimes led to the classification
of people(s) on the basis of skin color.
Mammalian skin often contains hairs, which in sufficient density is called
fur. The hair mainly serves to augment the insulation the skin provides,
but can also serve as a secondary sexual characteristic or as camouflage.
On some animals the skin is very hard and thick, and can be processed to
create leather. Reptiles and fish have hard protective scales on their skin
for protection, and birds have hard feathers, all made of tough ß-keratins.
Amphibian skin is not a strong barrier to passage of chemicals and is often
subject to osmosis. A frog sitting in an anesthetic solution will quickly
go to sleep.
Damaged skin will try to heal by forming scar tissue, often giving rise to
discoloration and depigmentation of the skin.
The skin is often known as "the largest organ in the human body". This applies
to exterior surface, as it covers the body, appearing to have the largest
surface area of all the organs. Moreover, it applies to weight, as it weighs
more than any single internal organ, accounting for about 15 percent of body
weight. For the average adult human, the skin has a surface area of between
1.5-2.0 square meters, most of it is between 2-3 mm thick. The average square
inch of skin holds 650 sweat glands, 20 blood vessels, 60,000 melanocytes,
and more than a thousand nerve endings.
The use of natural or synthetic cosmetics to treat the appearance of the
face and condition of the skin (such as pore control and black head cleansing)
is common among many cultures.
Layers
Diagram of the layers of human skinSkin is composed of the epidermis and
the dermis. Below these layers lies the hypodermis (subcutaneous adipose
layer), which is not usually classified as a layer of skin.
The outermost epidermis consists of stratified squamous epithelium with an
underlying basement membrane. It contains no blood vessels, and is nourished
by diffusion from the dermis. The main type of cells which make up the epidermis
are keratinocytes, with melanocytes and Langerhans cells also present. The
epidermis can be further subdivided into the following strata (beginning
with the outermost layer): corneum, lucidum, granulosum, spinosum, basale.
Cells are formed through mitosis at the innermost layers. They move up the
strata changing shape and composition as they differentiate, inducing expression
of new types of keratin genes. They eventually reach the corneum and become
sloughed off (desquamation). This process is called keratinization and takes
place within about 30 days. This layer of skin is responsible for keeping
water in the body and keeping other harmful chemicals and pathogens out.
Blood capillaries are found beneath the epidermis, and are linked to an arteriole
and a venule. Arterial shunt vessels may bypass the network in ears, the
nose and fingertips.
The dermis lies below the epidermis and contains a number of structures including
blood vessels, nerves, hair follicles, smooth muscle, glands and lymphatic
tissue. It consists of loose connective tissue otherwise called areolar
connective tissue - collagen, elastin and reticular fibres are present. Erector
muscles, attached between the hair papilla and epidermis, can contract, resulting
in the hair fibre pulled upright and consequentially goose bumps. The main
cell types are fibroblasts, adipocytes (fat storage) and macrophages. Sebaceous
glands are exocrine glands which produce sebum, a mixture of lipids and waxy
substances: lubrication, water-proofing, softening and antibactericidal actions
are among the many functions of sebum. Sweat glands open up via a duct onto
the skin by a pore.
The dermis can be split into the papillary and reticular layers. The papillary
layer is outermost and extends into the dermis to supply it with vessels.
It is composed of loosely arranged fibres. Papillary ridges make up the lines
of the hands. The reticular layer is more dense and is continuous with the
hypodermis. It contains the bulk of the structures (such as sweat glands).
The reticular layer is composed of irregularly arranged fibres and resists
stretching.
The hypodermis is not part of the skin, and lies below the dermis. Its purpose
is to attach the skin to underlying bone and muscle as well as supplying
it with blood vessels and nerves. It consists of loose connective tissue
and elastin. The main cell types are fibroblasts, macrophages and adipocytes
(the hypodermis contains 50% of body fat). Fat serves as padding and insulation
for the body.
Types
Skin can be divided into thick and thin types. Thick skin is present on the
soles of the feet and the palms of the hands. It has a larger stratum corneum
with a higher keratin content. Thick skin does not grow hair; its purpose
is to help grip. Thin skin is present on the bulk of the body and has a smaller
stratum corneum and fewer papillae ridges. It has hair and is softer and
more elastic. The characteristics of the skin, including sensory nerve density
and the type of hair, vary with location on the body.
Functions
Protection: an anatomical barrier between the internal and external environment
in bodily defense; Langerhans cells in the skin are part of the adaptive
immune system
Sensation: contains a variety of nerve endings that react to heat, cold,
touch, pressure, vibration, and tissue injury.
Heat regulation: the skin contains a blood supply far greater than its
requirements which allows precise control of energy loss by radiation, convection
and conduction. Dilated blood vessels increase perfusion and heat loss while
constricted vessels greatly reduce cutaneous blood flow and conserve heat.
Erector pili muscles are significant in animals.
Control of evaporation: the skin provides a relatively dry and impermeable
barrier to fluid loss. Loss of this function contributes to the massive fluid
loss in burns.
Aesthetics and communication: others see our skin and can assess or mood,
physical state and attractiveness.
Storage and synthesis: acts as a storage centre for lipids and water, as
well as a means of synthesis of vitamin D and B by action of UV on certain
parts of the skin. This synthesis is linked to pigmentation, with darker
skin producing more vitamin B than D, and vice versa.
Excretion: The concentration of urea is 1/130th that of urine. Excretion
by sweating is at most a secondary function to temperature regulation.
Absorption: Oxygen, nitrogen and carbon dioxide can diffuse into the epidermis
in small amounts. In addition, medicine can be administered through the skin,
by ointments or by means of adhesive patch, such as the nicotine patch or
iontophoresis. The skin is an important site of transport in many other
organisms.
Hygiene
The skin must be regularly cleaned. Unless enough care is taken it will become
cracked or inflamed. Unclean skin favors the development of pathogenic organisms.
The constantly peeling off dead cells of the epidermis mix with the secretions
of the sweat and sebaceous glands and the dust found on the skin to form
a filthy layer on its surface. If not washed away the dirt and dead skin
slurry begins to decompose emitting a foul smell. Functions of the skin are
disturbed when it is dirty and it becomes more easily damaged. The release
of antibacterial compounds decreases. Dirty skin is more prone to develop
infections. Cosmetics should be used carefully because these may cause allergic
reactions. Each season requires suitable clothing in order to facilitate
the evaporation of the sweat. Sunlight, water and air play an important role
in keeping the skin healthy.
The skin supports its own ecosystems of microorganisms, including yeasts
and bacteria, which cannot be removed by any amount of cleaning. In general
these organisms keep one another in check and are part of a healthy skin.
When the balance is disturbed, e.g., by antibiotics which kill bacteria,
there may be an overgrowth and infection by yeasts. The skin is continuous
with the inner epithelial lining of the body at the orifices, each of which
supports its own complement of flora.
Aging and disease
For more details on this topic, see ageing.
A typical rashAs skin ages, it becomes thinner and more easily damaged.
Intensifying this effect is the decreasing ability of skin to heal itself.
Skin sagging is caused by the fall in elasticity. Skin also receives less
blood flow and lower gland activity.
In medicine, the branch concerned with the skin is called dermatology.
The skin is subject to constant attack from without, and so can be afflicted
by numerous ailments, such as these:
Tumors:
Benign tumors of the skin: Squamous cell papilloma
Skin cancer
Others:
Rashes
Blisters
Acne
Keratosis pilaris
Fungal infections such as athlete's foot
microbial infections.
calcinosis cutis
ulcer
list of skin diseases
[edit]
See also
Hyperpigmentation
Dermatology
Skin color
Cosmetics and cosmetic surgery
Hair
Nails
Polyphenol antioxidant
Sweat
Anthropodermic bibliopegy
Callus
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Bariatric
Heavy-Duty
